中国近代外语观之嬗变——对清末同文馆之争的反思

围绕外语教育和西学，清末中国各界在坚守汉语、中学的前提下展开了激烈论战。保守派以谨防西人宗教渗透、警惕西学冲击中学为由，对外语、西学采取蔑视、拒斥的态度；洋务派主张打破语言“夷夏观”束缚、营造中外语言平等氛围，强调外语之简易、外语教育之必要和外语在西学（尤其是“艺学”）东渐路上的媒介功能；维新派呼吁中外文兼修，反对洋务派“艺学为本，语言为末”的倾向，在外籍汉译中贯彻“政本艺末”的主张。对于外语和西学译介，由蔑视、拒斥到被迫接受而至积极倡导，近代外语观的嬗变从侧面折射出国人由华夷之辨的蒙昧走向开放、试图与世界平等对话的进取精神。其背后潜含着各派基于不同文化立场，对国家前途的思考和话语权的争夺。

On the Development of Foreign Language Views in Chinese Modern History: Taking the Controversy of School of Combined Learning in Late Qing Dynasty as the Focus

Focusing on the foreign language education of the School of Combined Learning, there occurred a hot controversy among Conservationists, Westernizationists and Reformists in late Qing Dynasty, which followed the course from contempt and rejection to unwilling acceptance, and finally to active absorbance. This course, from the strict observance of Confucius' etiquette to passionate advocation of translating and introducing modern western sciences and social sciences, reflects the enterprising spirit, which st...