智力测验的演变和展望

智力测验发展至今已有百年,形成了世界性影响,但也受到了一些批评。针对传统智力测验的弊端,近年来,研究者们正致力于改变传统智力测验使之呈现出新的面貌:在测验依据上从考虑项目的鉴别性、区分性到增大其理论含量;在测验内容上从仅仅着眼于学业到测量更广泛内容;在测验形式上从静态的、回顾性的智力测验到动态测验;在测验的编制和实施上努力改善文化不公平现象;在测验的方法学基础上从经典测验理论到现代测量理论。随着研究的发展,未来智力测验的演变主要表现为:增加对元认知的测量;开发更有效预测创造力的智力测验;在有针对性地诊断、预测基础上提出干预措施。

Intelligence Test: Evolvement and Prospect

The intelligence test in Psychology has influenced the world for more than a hundred years. In recent years, however, it has been criticized for its theoretical basis, its content, its format, its administration, and its methodological foundation. The researchers have been striving to change the traditional intelligence test. For instance, they have been trying to make the intelligence test more theoretical,measure broader contents than ever, administrate dynamic test, improve cultural unfairness, and transform the traditional methodology into modern ones. And the future intelligence test should focus on meta-cognition, creative development, and the related intervention measures.