比拟的语用机制

讨论了比拟所造成的话语字面含义与实际含义分离的情况，分析了造成这各情况的语用原因，并进而探讨了比拟存在的基本条件以及比拟感情意义的形成因素。认为比拟中字面含义与实际含义的分离，在于比拟这种语言组织方法违背了会话合作原则中的质准则，这种违背以被双拟与用来比拟的两种对象属性的相似性为基础，用来比拟的属性不仅以其与被比拟对象属性的相似点参与比拟，而且还以其特征意义参予比拟，从而形成了比拟的特定情感意义。

Pragmatic Mechanism of Assimilation

This paper discusses the circumstances that words meaning are separated from actual meaning by assimilation and analyzes the pragmatic causes to form them, then further explores the fundamental conditions that assimilation exists and the factorto form assimilation emotional sense. It is believed that the separation of words meaning from actual meaning is because assimilation, a word-combining method violates the quality rule in the principles of conversation cooperation. This violation is on the basis of the attribute comparability of the two objects, assimilated and assimilating, not only the similarities of attribute of assimilating and assimilated objects but also their specific senses are used for assimilation, which forms the specific emotional sense of assimilation.