核能反渗透海水淡化缓解华北水资源危机的作用分析

华北水资源2050年将产生严重危机，缺口高达520×108m3，除了节水、远程调水之外，还应注意控制人口增长。计算表明，海水淡化可补充15亿方（占总缺口的3%），也应作为缓解华北水资源危机的有效措施，主要目的是拉动经济增长。在几种大型海水淡化技术中反渗透法较优，其能耗可以通过建3座2×600MW核电站解决，从而优化了华北地区的电源结构，补上了3525MW的电力缺口，为本区经济的快速发展提供了有力保障。核能反渗透海水淡化可以创造一系列新的经济增长点，保护了环境，节约了煤炭、石油、天然气等资源，开发利用了海洋资源，具有深远的可持续发展意义。多效蒸馏的多项技术和经济指标都不如反渗透，并且由于200MW低温核供热堆堆型容量的限制，核能多效蒸馏的经济性不如核能反渗透。

Nuclear Desalination by Reverse Osmosis Mitigates Water Resources Crisis in North China

North-china will be threatened by water resource crisis in 2050, with a deficit of 520×108m3. Besides economizing on water (342×108m3) and long-distance water intake (63×108m3), we should pay greater attention to family planning (100×108m3), the remaining deficit (15×108m3) may be settled by seawater desalination for the main purpose of pulling economic growth. Among several large-scale desalination technologies, reverse osmosis is of the most outstanding quality than multiple stage flash and multiple effect distillation, for its low investment cost, low operating expense, low energy consumption, mild corrosion, long service life, easy repair, repaid development of large-scale desalination technology. As to energy consumption of desalination along the coast in north china, there are no more potentialities to exploit for hydroelectricity. Thermal power consumes much more resources with long load distance of coal and severe environmental pollution, while its carbon emission is 60-160 times as much as that of nuclear power. Experiences in France, Russia and Japan indicate that nuclear power cost account for only 80%-90% of thermal power cost under 10% discount rate. So nuclear power should play a very important role in the future. The energy consumption of nuclear desalination by can be solved by building 3 nuclear power plants each with the capacity of 2×600MW. By doing so we can optimize power source structure of north china, which will strongly ensure economic fast growth in north china. Nuclear desalination by reverse osmosis can bring up with a series of new economic growth points while protecting environment, saving the resources of coal, oil, gas etc, making use of ocean resources, with profound sustainable development significance. In addition to being not as good as reverse osmosis in terms of several technological and economic targets, nuclear desalination by multiple effect distillation can not do better than by reverse osmosis economically due to the reactor type and capacity limitation of 200MW nuclear heating reactor.