自雇与受雇农业转移人口市民化意愿和能力分异

农业转移人口市民化是推进新型城镇化重要途径,不同就业身份农业转移人口市民化意愿与能力可能会存在差异。本文根据2016年全国流动人口抽样调查数据,选取长三角、珠三角和京津冀三大城市群48个城市农业转移人口为研究样本,应用Logistics模型和PSM方法对不同规模城市自雇和受雇农业转移人口的市民化意愿和能力进行分析。结果表明：①不同规模城市自雇与受雇农业转移人口的市民化意愿和能力存在明显分异;②超大、特大城市自雇农业转移人口的市民化意愿显著强于受雇农业转移人口,而中小城市自雇农业转移人口的市民化意愿却显著弱于受雇农业转移人口;③特大城市自雇农业转移人口的市民化能力显著弱于受雇农业转移人口,大、中小城市自雇农业转移人口的市民化能力却显著强于受雇农业转移人口。本文建议不同规模城市应实施精准化落户政策,优化人力资源配置,在超大、特大城市,优先推进自雇农业转移人口市民化;在中小城市,优先推进受雇农业转移人口市民化;而在大城市,兼顾自雇和受雇2类农业转移人口市民化。

Difference of citizenization willingness and capacity between self-employed and employed migrant agricultural population

The citizenization of migrant agricultural population is an important way to promote the new urbanization. There may be differences in the willingness and capacity of citizenization of migrant agricultural population with different employment status. Based on the dynamic monitoring data of floating population of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2016, this study took 48 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as research samples, and used the Logistics regression model and propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyze the citizenization willingness and capacity of self-employed and employed migrant agricultural population under different city sizes. It is found that: (1) There exists a differentiation between the willingness and capacity of self-employed and employed migrant agricultural population to become citizens in cities of different sizes; (2) In super megacities and megacities, the citizenization willingness of self-employed migrant agricultural population is significantly stronger than that of employed migrant agricultural population, but in medium-sized and small cities, their citizenization willingness is significantly weaker than that of employed migrant agricultural population; (3) In megacities, the citizenization capacity of self-employed migrant agricultural population is significantly lower than that of employed migrant agricultural population, but in large, medium-sized, and small cities, the citizenization capacity of self-employed migrant agricultural population is significantly higher than that of employed migrant agricultural population. Governments should implement differential policies considering employment status and optimize the allocation of human resources. In super megacities and megacities, governments should give priority to promoting the citizenization of self-employed migrant agricultural population. In medium-sized and small cities, governments should give priority to boosting the citizenization of employed migrant agricultural population. In large cities, the citizenization of both self-employed and employed migrant agricultural population should be considered.