技术认知、风险感知对黄土高原农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异

黄土高原农户对水土保持耕作技术的认知和对水土流失风险的感知是水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的关键影响因素,探究二者对技术采用意愿的作用有利于促进农户技术采用率的提高、控制水土流失、减少入黄泥沙量、改善生态环境。本文利用黄土高原1237户农户的调查数据,基于代际差异的视角,采用逐步回归法和分组回归法,分析了农户技术认知和风险感知对其水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异。结果表明:①技术认知对水土保持耕作技术的采用意愿有显著的正向影响,技术认知对等高耕作、沟垄种植、少免耕、深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿的作用强度均是新生代农户大于老一代农户。②风险感知对新生代和老一代农户等高耕作和沟垄种植技术采用意愿均有显著的正向影响,其影响强度存在代际差异;对新生代农户少免耕技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响,对老一代农户深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响。③风险感知在技术认知和采用意愿之间发挥正向调节作用,在等高耕作、沟垄种植、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于老一代农户的调节作用强于新一代;在少免耕、深松耕和秸秆还田技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于新一代农户的调节作用强于老一代。户主年龄、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等控制变量对新生代和老一代农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响有显著差异。建议农业技术和政策推广视新老农户区别对待,提供有针对性的补贴,并通过鼓励土地流转为技术采用提供便利。

Influence of technology cognition and risk perception on the willingness to adopt soil and water conservation tillage technologies and its intergenerational differences

Farmers’ cognition and risk perception of soil and water loss are the key factors influencing adoption willingness for soil and water conservation tillage technology in the Loess Plateau. Exploring the effects of the two factors is conducive to improve technology adoption, control of soil and water loss, reduce sediment into the Yellow River and improve ecological environment. Based on the survey data of 1237 households in the Loess Plateau, this paper analyzes the impact of farmers’ technology cognition and risk perception on willingness to adopt soil and water conservation tillage technology and the intergenerational differences by using stepwise regression and grouping regression. The results show that: (1) Technology cognition has a significant positive effect on adoption willingness, effect intensity of technology cognition on adoption willingness of new generations is greater than that of old generations for contour tillage, furrow and ridge planting, moderate or non-tillage, subsoiling, straw returning, stubble mulching and plastic film mulching. (2) Risk perception has a significant positive effect on willingness to adopt contour tillage and furrow and ridge planting, and the effect intensity is different between generations. Risk perception has a significant positive effect on willingness of new generations to adopt moderate or non-tillage, and on willingness of old generations to adopt subsoiling, straw returning, stubble mulching and plastic film mulching. (3) Risk perception plays a positive moderating role between technology cognition and adoption willingness. In willingness to adopt contour tillage, furrow and ridge planting, stubble covering and plastic film mulching technology, risk perception plays a stronger moderating role for old generations than for new generations. In willingness to adopt moderate or non-tillage, subsoiling and straw returning technology, risk perception plays a stronger moderating role for new generations than for old generations. (4) The control variables such as the age of householder, education level, family labor force, non-agricultural income proportion, actual cultivated land area, distance from the village to the town and the traffic convenience have significant differences on the willingness for new generations and old generations to adopt the soil and water conservation tillage technology.