公务员人事处理行为司法审查之探究

我国公务员人事处理的救济呈现出途径单一化、程序控制与实效性缺失、司法审查无法介入的困顿状态。究其原因乃是“特别权力关系”理论与官制传统的复合作用。相比较而言,外域法对于人事处理行为的规制更具有合理性。以美国、日本、德国为代表的国家均将此列入行政诉讼的受案范围,遵循法治与正当程序原则,“特别权力关系”理论已渐行渐远。《世界人权宣言》更是对公务员的行政诉权作出了范式性的指引。我国应当将保障公务员的行政诉权,框定司法审查的范围,同时运用穷尽行政救济的原则,并对审查的强度作出理性的设计。

Judicial Review in Civil Servants'''' Personnel Punishment

In our country,the relief in civil servants' personnel punishment is ineffective,loss of the procedure control and the judicial review is impossible.The reason to this is the combined action of "the special authority relations" theory and the traditional government system.The reliefs in foreign countries are more reasonable.Abiding to the rule by law and the right procedure principle,many countries such as US,Japan,Germany etc.,all include this as their administrative litigation scope,whereas "the special authority relations" theory"is lessen."The Universal Declaration of Human Rights"has made the model direction to civil servants' litigation rights.Our country must safeguard civil servants' litigation rights,define the scope of judicial review,utilize the principle of exhausting the administrative relief,and design review intensity rationally.