社会分层与小康社会

中国建设小康社会中存在发展不平衡问题。首先,中国社会分层结构的总体特征是一个差异性极大的社会,表现为城市和农村的巨大差异、社会结构是金字塔形状、身份地位的等级制度。社会分化对于社会不稳定有重大影响。其次,社会分层的新近变化表明,贫富分化差距上升,财产的集中化程度比较高,城乡分化和区域分化问题突出,低收入群体与主体社会脱节。再次,社会分层的变迁中的积极因素包括:个人努力的因素在地位上升中的作用逐步增加、出现了相当部分的人整体社会地位上升的现象、利益的多元化缓解了社会矛盾、社会团结指数上升、中间阶层比例扩大。最后,应采取的对策是:推进城市化进程、创造新的就业机会、建立覆盖面更广泛的社会保障体系等。

Social Stratification and a Fairly Well-off Society

This paper studies the diversity problems in the development of well-off society in China. First, it analyzes the general characteristics of social stratification in the whole history of China. China has always been a quite discrepant society in its history and today, with huge gaps between rural and urban areas, pyramid social structure and also with hierarchy status system. Social differentiations give great impact to the instability problems and upper class often plays important roles. Second, it analyzes the current social changes in stratification, which include the increasing gap between the rich and the poor, the concentration of the property, the disparity among different regions, and the breaking away of underclass from the main society. Third, it analyzes the positive factors in the changing social stratification system. The achieved factors are playing increasing roles in upward mobility of social status. The upward mobility of huge social groups is because of the industrial changes. The tendency of pluralistic benefits has merged some social conflict. Also, the positive factors are including rising of index of social solidarity and rising of the middle class etc. Finally, it provides the countermeasures, such as development of urbanization, creation of job opportunity, establishment of wide social security system.