孝--在孔子与孟子之间

孔子与孟子之孝同异并存.孔子首次将孝提高到人文关怀的理论高度,侧重从个体-家庭道德的角度强调孝、仁一体并重;而孟子则将孝推广到社会生活领域,侧重于从社会-公共道德的角度把孝道提升为尊老的公德.这两个侧重都以父权制为中心,因此彼此是凝聚、结合的,其焦点在于对父道的敬重.这种敬重从敬养之孝、不辱之孝到大孝之孝,或从基本层次到理想层次,相通互补,顺次提升,显示出孔孟之孝乃至整个儒家孝伦理倡导的孝顺和尊老的精神主脉.

Filial Piety Between Confucius and Mengzi

The filial ethics of Confucius and Mengzi co-existed with some differences.Confucius was the first to introduce great humanistic concerns into the ethics of filial piety,where he emphasized the unity of piety and kindness.His ethics of piety was mainly on individual and family relationships.Mengzi extended filial piety to the social domain,where it became a social virtue of respect for the seniors.But the basis of both filial pieties are still patriarchy,the respect for the authority of the father,so these two pieties complement each other and the ethics developed from respect and good care for the father to the greater piety of respect for all the others in the community.