中国滨海湿地的蓝色碳汇功能及碳中和对策

滨海湿地是海岸带蓝碳生态系统的主体,提高其蓝碳碳汇的生态系统服务功能是重要的基于海洋的气候变化治理手段,属于"基于自然的解决方案"。中国滨海湿地以盐沼湿地为主,红树林面积较小,而无植被覆盖的滨海滩涂面积广大。据保守数据估算,当前我国滨海湿地每年通过沉积物埋藏所固定的碳可达0.97Tg C·a~(-1),并将能持续增长,在21世纪末增加到1.82—3.64 Tg C·a~(-1)。为实现2060年碳中和的承诺,中国应加强滨海湿地的科学研究,保护现存湿地生态系统结构与功能的完整性,停止破坏性的滨海湿地开发活动,恢复和新建滨海湿地生态系统,增强其蓝碳生态系统服务功能,在保护生态功能的同时受惠于增汇固碳。

Blue Carbon Sink Function of Chinese Coastal Wetlands and Carbon Neutrality Strategy

Coastal wetlands are the main body of the coastal "blue carbon (C)" ecosystem, and their "blue C" and ecosystem service function are important ocean-based climate change governance methods, which is a "nature-based solution". Chinese coastal wetlands are dominated by salt marshes, with little area of mangroves, while the area of unvegetated tidal flats is large. According to conservative estimation, the current C sequestration of coastal wetlands through sediment burial in China reaches to 0.97 Tg C·a^-1, and would increase to 1.82-3.64 Tg C·a^-1 at the end of this century. To achieve the commitment of "C neutrality" in 2060, China should strengthen scientific research on coastal wetlands, protect the integrity of the structure and function of the existing coastal wetland ecosystems, stop destructive coastal wetlands development activities, and actively and steadily promote the ecological restoration of coastal wetlands, restore and enhance its "blue C" function, and benefit from C sink gains while protecting the nature.