地下水-农田生态系统关键过程综合试验模拟装置（禹城地下水农田模拟装置）

黄河下游引黄灌区是我国重要的粮食保障基地。该地区当前面临严重的缺水和水资源分配不足问题,从而导致地下水位快速下降。由此对未来农业及生态环境的影响存在诸多未知和不确定性,已成为当前农田生态系统研究的热点。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下,中国科学院禹城综合试验站(以下简称"禹城站")/山东禹城农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站2016—2020年建成了16个地下水位可调控的封底样地群构成的地下水-农田生态系统关键过程综合试验模拟装置(以下简称"禹城GAS")。禹城GAS集成了大型封底样地子系统、地下水位自动调控子系统、土壤温度-湿度-盐分监测子系统、土壤水采集子系统、根系生长监测子系统、地下水水量-水质动态监测子系统、关键带动态监测子系统、农田生态系统水碳氮交互作用研究子系统、近地面无人机作物长势-多光谱监测子系统等9个子系统;通过多方法定位监测、多要素分层解析、多尺度立体监测组成的综合监测体系,禹城GAS可支撑开展地下水动态变化情景下农田生态系统碳氮水养分循环、粮食安全、生态安全和环境安全相关的基础试验研究和国际前沿探索。

Groundwater-Agroecosystem Experimental Simulator (Yucheng GAS)

Irrigation zones located in the lower reaches of Yellow River is a vital food security base in China. Currently, this area is facing the problem of rapid decline of groundwater level due to serious water shortage and insufficient water resources allocation. Therefore, there are many unknown and uncertain impacts on the future agriculture and ecological environment, and it is the current hotspot of agroecosystem research. However, under the dynamic scenarios, for innovatively carrying out the studies on large groundwater table from surface, and conducting the critical process researches such as sectional structure of farmland soil, crop root growth dynamics, interaction between surface water and groundwater, groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum response, dynamic variation and influence mechanism of water-salt-nutrient of agroecosystem, it is urgently needed to build a comprehensive experiment simulation infrastructure. Funded by the "Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Construction Project for the Field Station Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)", Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station) completed the platform construction of GroundwaterAgroecosystem Experimental Simulator (Yucheng GAS), an infrastructure with three floors (10 m underground) constituted by 16 bottom sealed sample plots with controllable groundwater levels after five-year strenuous efforts (from 2016 to 2020). Yucheng GAS integrates nine subsystems including the large scale bottom sealed sample plots system, underground water level automatic controlling; soil temperature, water content, and salinity monitoring; soil water sampling; root growth monitoring; groundwater quantity and quality monitoring; critical zone observation of agroecosystem; water-carbon-nitrogen nexus in agroecosystem; and multispectral crop condition monitoring by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Yucheng GAS, a comprehensive monitoring methodology with multiple methods of stereo-position monitoring, multi-factors chromatograph, and multi-scales three-dimensional observation, is expected to support the basic experimental research and international frontier explore in water-carbon-nitrogen cycles in agroecosystem, food security, ecological security, and environmental security under the scenario of dynamically changed groundwater in future.