不确定性、国际合作困境与国家对相对收益的考虑

对于当前国际政治现象最突出的特征——不确定性的增强及国际合作的困境——如何在理论上进行科学的认识和解释?在回顾既有文献的基础上,可以从相对收益的视角对当前国际政治现象进行解释.在当前国际形势下,美欧等西方国家对于相对收益的考虑增强,在国际交往中更加强调维护国家的主权利益,因此出现了主张"本国优先,反全球化,限制外国移民"等"逆全球化"的动向以及鼓吹民粹主义、孤立主义和保护主义等"反建制"的思潮,国际合作进程因而陷入困境.对特朗普执政后美国在国际贸易、全球气候治理中的态度和行为进行分析,可以发现相对收益的考虑极大影响了国家在国际合作中的行为.

Consideration of Uncertainties,International Cooperation Dilemma,and National Relative Gains

The most prominent feature of international politics-intensification of uncertainties and dilemma of international cooperation-How can it be theoretically understood and elaborated? Based on the existing liter-ature,it can be explained from the perspective of relative gains.In the current international situation,the western countries,such as the US and the European countries,consider more of relative gains.They place more emphasis on sovereign interests and so there appears anti-globalization,which advocates"our own country first,anti-globalization,limitation of foreign immigrants,"and"anti-establishment",which advo-cates populist,isolationism and protectionism.Thus,international cooperation goes into a dilemma.The a-nalysis of the US attitudes towards international trade and global climate governance after Trump came to power can disclose considerations of relative gains greatly affect states'behavior in international cooperation.