虚拟社区知识共享意愿与行为的影响因素及其调节变量:元分析研究

[目的/意义] 针对已有虚拟社区知识共享意愿与行为影响因素实证研究结果之间的不一致问题,对该领域相关实证研究加以梳理和再分析。[方法/过程] 利用元分析方法,通过系统收集和虚拟社区知识共享意愿与行为相关的实证研究文献,梳理和识别影响知识共享意愿与行为的关键因素,并通过异质性检验和分组分析,探索不同研究之间存在不一致性的原因,从而检验调节变量的影响。[结果/结论] 研究发现,对知识共享意愿与行为具有显著正向影响的因素分别有10个、14个,其中利他主义和知识共享态度对知识共享意愿的影响最大,结果期望、共同语言、主观规范和身份认同是影响知识共享行为最显著的变量。同时,研究识别了社区类型和研究情境是不同研究异质性的部分来源,具有一定的调节效应。通过梳理和识别知识共享意愿与行为的影响因素和调节因素,可为虚拟社区管理者提供参考,为该领域后续研究提供更好的理论基础。

A Meta-analysis Research on Antecedents and Their Moderating Factors of Knowledge Sharing Intentions and Behavior in Online Communities

[Purpose/significance] Considering the inconsistency among the existing empirical findings of influencing factors of knowledge sharing intensions and behavior in online community, the related empirical researched are reviewed and re-analyized.[Method/process] After collecting the related empirical researches, this meta-analysis method is used to identify the determinants of individuals knowledge sharing intentions and behaviors in online communities. Moreover, by means of heterogeneity test and group analysis, this paper also explores the moderating factors affecting the effectiveness of different factors on knowledge sharing behavior, which caused the inconsistency among them.[Result/conclusion] This study concluded that 10 and 14 variables identified in this paper positively contribute to knowledge sharing intentions and behavior, respectively. Among all these antecedents, altruism and attitude toward knowledge sharing are the two strongest factors influencing on the knowledge sharing intention. And outcome expectation, common language, subjective norm and identify have the strongest relationship with knowledge sharing behavior. It was indicated as well that community types and research contexts are identified as two moderators of knowledge sharing intention or behavior and its factors, which can partially explain the inconsistentcy problem. By combing and identifying the antecedents and their moderating factors of knowledge sharing intentions and behavior, this meta-analysis study can be a guidance for online community managers and provide a better theoretical basis for follow up researches in this field.