| 电子荷电量实验数据统计拟合分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李潮锐.电子荷电量实验数据统计拟合分析[J].实验技术与管理,2006,23(3):44-46. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李潮锐 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学,物理系,广州,510275 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家基础科学人才培养基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 电子电荷量e是一个重要基本物理常数，其经典测量技术——密立根油滴实验是大学物理实验教学的重要项目之一。由于实验教学中常用数据处理方法的局限性，导致实验结果分析仅能满足于定性或半定量物理分析。采用概率统计方法对较大量实验数据拟合处理，结果显示了统计拟合分析的科学合理性，同时也对实验误差来源提供了更准确的判断。
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| 关 键 词： | 密立根油滴实验 高斯分布 拟合分析 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-4956（2006）03-0044-03 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-07-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年7月4日 |
Statistical Analysis with Least-squares Fit in Millikan's Oil- drop Experiment |
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| LI Chao-rui.Statistical Analysis with Least-squares Fit in Millikan''''s Oil- drop Experiment[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2006,23(3):44-46. |
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| Authors: | LI Chao-rui |
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| Institution: | Physics Department, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan |
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| Abstract: | The electric charge of a single electron is a very important physics constant,and its original measurement method,Millikan's oil-drop experiment,is also the key teaching experiment in university.In recognition of the limitation of qualitative and semi-quantitative data processing usually used,the statistical analysis with least-squares fit method is introduced for Millikan's experiment.The experimental result can be quantitatively presented and the reasonable data processing will help students well understand the principle of experimental phenomena and measurement error. |
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| Keywords: | millikan's oil-drop statistical analysis teaching technique |
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