直隶省教案中总理衙门与驻华公使之间的博弈——以同治年间为中心

同治年间，直隶省教案多发且颇具代表性，总理衙门与驻华公使为维护各自方的利益展开了激烈的较量。在相关约章的签订上，双方各怀心思，互相算计；在对办案官员的惩处上，双方明枪暗箭，激烈交锋。面对驻华公使的武力恫吓，总理衙门采取了论理、防范并举而以和为主的回应措施。总理衙门在与驻华公使“博弈”的过程中，其柔弱外交中悲凉的处境彰明较著。

The Gaming between the Premier Government and Foreign Ministers Stationed in China in Missionary Cases in Zhili Province --Taking the Qing Tongzhi Times as the Center

Zhili Province missionary cases occurred frequently in Qing Tongzhi times and they were quite representative. The Premier Government and foreign Ministers stationed in china launched fierce conflicting in order to maintain their own interests. They both had their own thoughts and calculated each other on the signing of relevant charters. They attacked each other fiercely by thrusting spears in the open and shooting arrows from hiding on the cfficial punishment for missionary cases. Facing the force intimidation from foreign Ministers, the Premier Government responded with reasoning, preventing and peace-oriented measures. In the ＂gaming＂ process between the Premier Government and Foreign Ministers, the desolate situation of the Premier Government in weak diplomacy was highly visible.