明代中叶的苏州狂士与苏州城市人文精神

明代中叶,在王学、禅宗和道学的熏染下,江南社会中出现了一个特殊的士人群体,他们离经叛道,任情适性,率性而为,不以研读儒学经典、追求仕途为人生目标,而以文采风流、能诗善画为习尚,这就是所谓狂士。狂士在中国传统社会中一直存在,但只在苏州才形成了一个群体。究其原因,与苏州当时商品经济的繁荣、工商业的发展、市民阶级的兴起和政治氛围的相对宽松、文化底蕴的深厚密切相关。可以说,苏州狂士群体的形成反映了特殊环境下士风的变化,是传统文化在一个特殊时代的一种特别表现形式。

The Bumptious Intellectuals and the Urban Humanities Spirit of Suzhou During the Mid and Late Ming Dynasty

During the mid and late Ming periods,influenced by the Wang Yangming School,the Chan School of Buddhism,and Taoism,a special category of intellectuals appeared in the Jiangnan society.They did not conform the convention,disobey the rules,and behaved randomly,did not aim at studying Confucianism classics,or seeking the official career,but were good at writing poems,articles and drawing,which were called maniac intellectuals.And they had existed in the traditional Chinese society,but only formed a group in Su...