苏轼与程颐易学动静观之比较

苏轼和程颐都是北宋易学的著名代表人物。比较二人易学动静观,显示出理学和庄玄之学这两种解《周易》思路的差异。关于宇宙化生,程颐、苏轼皆承认阴阳之“动”生出万物,而程颐从宇宙运动中抽绎出“理”作为最高法则,苏轼则归之于造化无心。落实于性情论,两人皆突出“静”的高明之境,然而程颐的心之安静是以长时涵养的道德自律为前提,而苏轼的“静”缘于应物无心、淡然自若的处世情态。体现在符号化的表征——卦爻上,程颐的动、静合“理”体现于爻位的嘉善,苏轼的动、静自然则体现于卦爻之间的动态平衡关系。

Comparative Research on Su Shi and Cheng Yi's Opinions on Movement and Stillness of Zhouyi

Su Shi and Cheng Yi were both famous representative personality on Zhouyi's research of North-Song.By comparing their Opinions on Movement and Stillness of Zhouyi,the difference between Neo-Confucianism and Metaphysics exposed.On universe's coming into being,Su Shi and Cheng Yi both insisted Yin and Yang's movement give birth to everything on earth,Cheng Yi concluded "Li"among universal movement and regarded it as the primary principle.But Su Shi reduced it to unconsciousness of nature.When altered into the theory of mind and inherent character,they both stressed on the brilliant state of "stillness".The mind stillness of Cheng Yi is based on self-restraint for a long period,and Su Shi's "stillness" relate to the indifferent and unconscious attitude of living in the world.As far as the symbol of Gua and Yao,Cheng Yi's motion and stillness reasonably is embodied in excellent position of Yao,Su Shi's motion and stillness freely is embodied in dynamic balance between Gua and Yao.