北京知识界与《中俄解决悬案大纲协定》(1919～1924)

作为近代中国外交史上的重要文件,1924年的《中俄解决悬案大纲协定》不仅在中苏(俄)两国关系史上占有重要地位,也是北京政府所取得的主要外交成就之一.同时,在近代中国外交史上,该外交协定又有其鲜明的特色--它的签订在很大程度上与当时中国知识界的影响有相当关系.特别是在谈判所在地--北京这一当时中国知识界的活动中心,以大学教授、学生、学者、报人等组成的强大舆论力量,对北京政府的外交家形成了巨大压力.

Intelligentsia in Beijing and The Sino-Soviet Russia Agreement to the Outline on Solving the Outstanding Issues (1919-1924)

As an important document of modern Chinese diplomatic history,The Sino-Soviet Russia Agreement to the Outline on Solving the Outstanding Issues made in 1924 not only occupies an important place in the relation history between China and the Soviet Russia,but also is one of the main diplomatic achievements made by the Peking government.This diplomatic agreement has its own distinct characteristics in modern Chinese diplomatic history,because its signing to a great extent was related to the influence of the Chinese intelligentsia at that time. Especially in Peking,the center of the Chinese intelligentsia,where the negotiation was carried on that time,the powerful strength of public opinion composed of college professors,students,scholars and journalists put great pressure on the diplomatists of the Peking government.As to these diplomatists,on the one hand,they needed to dispute with their opponents on various details for the optimum selection of the state profit;on the other hand,because of the weakness of their government and the continual pressure of civil political opponents and radical intelligentsia,they couldn't deal with the problems at ease at the conference table.So they had to settle some significant historical outstanding issues expediently.In a word,though the Sino-Soviet Russia Agreement,as an inevitable historical outcome promoted by the intelligentsia,was a prominent document in the modern Chinese diplomatic history,the flaws it left are worth thinking deeply.