试论民国初年部院之争

1913年，北京临时政府司法部与大理院之间就关于《各级审判厅试办章程》所定民事上告期限和上告程序是否可由大理院变更、前清《禁革买卖人口条款》是否可由司法部认定无效两个法律问题展开了一场论争。通过这一事件可以看到：论辩双方互相指责对方违背《临时约法》，反映了辛亥革命、民主思想的深入人心；部分官员对新旧法律制度进行整合时，在践行“三权分立”、坚持“司法独立”方面进行了真诚的努力；论争暴露了政权更迭之初行政制度和法律制度因草创而不够完备，促使人们对有关法律、制度进行修改，使其臻于完善，因而具有积极意义。

An Analysis of the Dispute between Ministry of Justice and Daliyuan in Early Republic of China

In 1913, Ministry of Justice and Daliyuan of the Provisional Government carried out a dispute on the contents of Experimental Regulations of Judicial Bureaus. Through this dispute, we can see that the two units accused each other of a breach of Interin Constitution. It has reflected that the 1911 Revolution and the democratic thoughts had penetrated into the hearts of the people. Some officials had taken sincere efforts on carrying out the principles of the Separations of Powers and the Independence of Justice. Meanwhile, the dispute also showed the immaturity of the administrative and judicial system at the transitional period of the political power.