网球专业运动员和初学者单反动作技术的生物力学研究

通过分析网球专业运动员和初学者在单手反手(单反)击球过程中技术差异,判定网球肘潜在危险因素,并为预防损伤提供生物力学依据。采集10名网球专业运动员和5名初学者(男)单反击球动作的运动学、动力学及肌电数据。结果显示专业组击球后球速、碰撞力峰值均显著大于初学者组。专业组肌肉激活顺序比初学者组更有效合理。在挥拍阶段,肱三头肌积分肌电与击球后球速、旋前圆肌积分肌电与击球前拍速和碰撞冲量均显著相关。初学者较小的碰撞力却相同的肌肉激活水平,击球时仍保持较大前臂旋前状态,使碰撞力加载的扭矩更大,此扭矩在网球肘形成中起重要作用。单反击球技术中运动学、动力学和肌电特征之间存在相关关系,是一个肌肉协调活动的过程,破坏了这种协调性,就可能导致损伤出现。

The Biomechanics Analysis of One-hand Backhand Stroke Te chnology of Tennis Professional Athletes and Beginners

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the technical differences of one-hand backhand stroke between tennis professional athletes and beginners,determine the potential risk factors of tennis elbow related to this technology,and provide biomechanical principles to develop prevention strategies.Kinematics,kinetics and EMG data of ten male professional tennis players and five male beginners were recorded during the process of one-hand backhand stroke.The mean velocity of ball stroked and peak impact force of professional players were both significantly greater than that of beginners.The muscle activation of professional players was more reasonable than that of beginners.The average iEMG of triceps during the forward swing phase and the return ball speed,the iEMG of pronator circular muscle during the forward swing phase and the ball-and-racket impact impulse were significantly correlated.The torque which made the forearm pronation was generated by the impact force was also an important risk factor leading to tennis elbow.The process of tennis one-hand backhand stroke is a process which all the muscles acted coordinately.If the coordination of muscles was ruined,damages would be the results.