哈萨克语中汉语借词的层级分析

根据表现形式、借用方法、渗透程度，可以将哈萨克语中的汉语借词由低到高分为四层：低层、半低层、中间层、半高层，不同层级汉语借词之间的联系体现为：上层汉语借词是下层汉语借词的深化。不同层级汉语借词的进入过程反映出汉语、哈萨克语在接触中显性——隐性——异质的跨界，亦即语音——词汇——语法的渗入，汉语对哈萨克语的影响过程为吸收——改造——趋同。

The Analysis of the Staged Chinese Loans in Kazakh

According to the displayed forms, loaned methods, permeated degrees, the Chinese loans in Kazakh are classified four levels：low class, half-low class, middle class, half-high class. The relation of the staged Chinese loans in Kazakh embodies that the upper class is deeper than the low class. The entered process of the staged Chinese loans in Kazakh reflects the step from the distinction, recessiveness to neterogeny in Chinese and Kazakh contact, that is the permeation from the voice, vocabulary to grammar. The effected process Chinese to Kazakh is the absorption, transformation, convergence.