QFD理论在高校创新创业教育课程设计中的应用研究

我国当前高校创新创业教育课程存在一定的不足,尽管有研究提出了改进对策或建议,但其提出过程缺少科学系统的分析工具,且所提出的对策措施千校一面,缺乏针对性。造成这种状况的本质原因在于未对课程对象(顾客)需求期望进行清晰准确的识别。质量功能展开(QFD)立足于顾客,能有效将顾客需求转化为产品/服务设计要求。因此,将QFD与高校双创课程设计相结合,提出创新创业课程质量功能展开模型(ICQFDM),通过"顾客需求—教学规划"与"教学规划—教学管理"两级质量屋,将顾客对于双创课程的要求转化到课程设计要求中。以南京已开展创新创业课程且互为竞争对手的2所财经类院校为例,演示模型的具体运用过程。结果显示:2所高校创新创业课程设计路径存在较大差异。ICQFDM的提出为高校建设创新创业课程提供了可操作的分析框架,各高校可结合不同实际情况,制定适用于自身的课程建设措施。

Application of QFD Theory in Curriculum Design of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities

There are some deficiencies in innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum in colleges and universities. Although studies have put forward some improvement measures,scientific and systematic analysis tools are still inadequate,and the countermeasures are lack of pertinence. The essential reason for these problems is the lack of a clear and accurate identification of the demands and expectations of curriculum objects( or customers). On the other hand,Quality Function Deployment( QFD) can effectively transform customer demands into product/service designing requirements. Hence a new Innovation and Entrepreneurship Curriculum Quality Function Deployment Model( ICQFDM),by combining QFD with the curriculum design of innovation and entrepreneurship is proposed to transform customers’ requirements for innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum into curriculum design requirements through two-level Houses of Quality( HOQs) : "customer demands-teaching planning " and "teaching planning-teaching management ".Application of the model is demonstrated by two economic colleges in Nanjing which have already launched innovative entrepreneurship curriculum for years. The results show that there are great differences in the design paths of innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum in the two colleges. The proposal of ICQFD provides an operable analytical framework for the innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum. Colleges and universities can formulate their own policies and measures according to their own reality with the help of ICQFDM.