区域性农田景观对昆虫的生态学效应与展望

有害生物的生态调控一直是作物病虫害预防与治理的重要前沿科技领域。目前有害生物生态调控研究已由单一的农田拓展到区域性农田景观的空间范围。研究区域性农田景观中格局特征和人类活动对病虫害和天敌种群动态影响,不仅在病虫害生物防治的实践中有重要意义,而且对于揭示人类活动对生物多样性结构与功能的影响,阐明区域性农田景观中生物多样性整合、维持机理有重大的理论意义。作物病虫害的导向性防控——生物间信息流与行为操纵,最终需要体现和落实在特定的地理区域空间范围内,参与到粮食作物生产与病虫害生态管理活动过程中。文章主要阐述区域性农田景观中格局特征与人类种植活动对昆虫的生态学效应,并提出构建基于区域性农田景观多元化的有害生物生态调控体系。

Ecological Effects of Regional Agricultural Landscape on Insect and Its Prospect

Ecological regulation and control of pests are always important frontier areas in science and technology for prevention and management of crop diseases and insect pests. The research system on ecological regulation and control of pests is developing from a single agroecosystem to regional agricultural landscape ecosystem. Researching the effects of landscape pattern characteristics and human activities in regional agricultural landscape ecosystem on crop diseases and insect pests, and their natural enemies has a great significance for prevention and management of pests. It also benefits to explore the influence of human activities on structure and functions of biodiversity and to elucidate the mechanisms of integrated function, maintenance, and regulation of biodiversity. Orientation prevention and management of crop diseases and insect pests based on information flow and behaviour manipulation among organisms are not only fundamental researches but also an important part of agricultural production activities. They can work and function for food crops production and ecological management activities of pests in regional agricultural landscape ecosystem. Here we mainly elaborate ecological effects of landscape pattern characteristics and human activities in regional agricultural landscape ecosystem on insect pests and their natural enemies. And then we propose a strategy system of ecological regulation and control of pests based on biologically-diversified landscape ecosystems at regional scale.