西藏亚东地区边界的历史演变及地缘战略分析

亚东地区是我国西藏自治区在喜马拉雅山脉南坡与印度、不丹等国形成的"楔形"交界,自古即是重要的边防要地及贸易口岸。在印度于洞朗地区挑起争端的背景下,厘清亚东地区边界的历史沿革,并基于"地理限制"法则,分析其地缘战略地位,可为我国推进"一带一路"建设、保障边防安全,提供有益的决策支持。文章综合运用文字史料、历史地图和GIS手段,分析亚东地区边界演变及地缘战略。结果显示:(1)亚东地区边界经历了4个阶段的变化,与周边地缘格局密切相关,洞朗地区在法理上始终属于中国领土,印度应充分尊重《中英会议藏印条约八款》中的有关约定;(2)地理限制是导致亚东地区边界问题频发的重要因素之一,通过强化基础设施建设,可缓解边界纠纷压力;(3)突破"地理限制",强化亚东地区地缘政治影响力,是钳制中印边界缓冲国、掣肘西里古里走廊、制衡印度洋航线安全挑战的重要战略选择。

Analysis of Historical Change of Boundary of Yadong Area in Tibet, China and Its Geostrategy

Yadong area of Tibet Autonomous Region, China locates in a wedge junction of the South slope of the Himalayas of China, India, and Bhutan. And it is an important frontier of defence area and trading port from time immemorial. Under the background that India provoked the dispute in the Donglang border, clarification of the historical change of the boundary of Yadong area and analysis of its geostrategic position can provide a beneficial decision support for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the safeguard of Chinese border''s security. In this paper, historical materials, historical map, and GIS technological means were comprehensively used to analyze the historical change of the boundary of Yadong area and its geostrategy. The results were shown as follows. Firstly, the boundary change of Yadong area experienced four stages in the historical period. And it was closely related to the geopolitical pattern of the surrounding area. Donglang area is the inherent territory of China from time immemorial. Secondly, geographical factor, especially watershed, is never the only basis of the boundary division. Historical tradition and the border convention must be respected. Thirdly, breakthrough the geographic limit and strengthen the geopolitical influence of Yadong area would be the significant strategic choice to suppress Sino-India buffer area and eastern and western border, overlook the Siriguri corridor, and counterbalance the challenge that comes from the southern Asian and Indian Ocean area.