传统乡村社会中家庭的权益与地位——黄浦江沿岸村落民俗的调查

黄浦江沿岸村落生活中的诸多民俗现象表明 ,不能仅以“家族村落”的理念来认识中国农村基层自治组织的形态。虽然这一地区的小型聚落大多数是由同姓家户所组成 ,但是由若干相邻聚落中所有异姓家户组成的集体才是这里基层的村民自治组织形式。在姻亲交往、土地制度、特殊职业和村庄对外势力等方面的传统习俗规范与文化心态 ,由于均牵涉到家庭之间的权益与地位关系 ,因而是我们掌握这一地区村落社会自治的情况时应当注意观察的事实对象。

The Benefits and Status of the Family in the Traditional Rural Society:An Investigation of the Folklore in the Villages along Huangpu River

Many folklore matters in the hamlet life along Huangpu River show that we should not simply assume the conformation of grass-roots self-governing organization in Chinese village as "kin-hamlet". Although, the small communities in the region mostly consist of families with a common surname, it is the collective composed by all of the families with different surnames living in the neighboring communities that is the form of folk self-governing organization. The traditional convention and cultural mentality, relating to the intercourse between relatives-in-law, the land institution, the special profession and the rural power against others, etc., because they are related to the benefits and status of the families, should be an object of the investigation when we attempt to study the situation of country society self-governing in the region.