制度变迁视角下乡村教师供给困境的编制制度创新

教育事业的发展关键靠教师,教师编制是教师队伍稳定与发展的保障。我国对乡村教师队伍建设历来非常重视,但发展过程中也出现了乡村教师供给不足等问题,究其根源在于乡村教师编制制度。新中国成立以来,我国教师编制制度经历了由"偏重城镇"向"城乡一体化"、由"兼容并包"向"因岗限人"的变迁。偏重城镇的政策导向导致制度设计缺陷,因岗限人致使制度分配失当,改革过程中引发部分制度结构混乱,核编机制落后导致制度绩效低下。通过破除制度设计路径依赖,教师编制独立供给,优化教师编制制度结构,创新核编机制等措施,创新我国乡村教师编制制度,保障乡村教师从数量、质量和结构上实现供给充足。

The Dilemma of Institutional Innovation for Rural Teacher Supplement:Under the Perspective of Institutional Transition Theory

Absrtact:Teachers are the key to the development of education.The stability and development of teachers are based on the authorized teachers system.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Chinese government has always emphasized a great importance to the issue about teachers.However,there are problems emerging in the process of educational development,in particular the problems about the authorized rural teachers.As the integration of urban and rural education advances,problems such as insufficient supply of rural teachers and inaccurate verification of rural teachers have remained unsolved.Since 1985,the authorized teachers system in China has experienced the transition from "laying particular emphasis on cities and towns" to "urban-rural integration",from"setting posts based on people or matters" to "limiting the number of people based on posts".The institutional transition has led?to the dilemma of the staffing and structure of rural teachers:the design deficiency of system has been caused by the heavy emphasis on cities and towns;the system distribution has been improper due to the limited number and quality of staff.Some problems have emerged in the system structure in the reforming process;and the system performance has been low owing to the backward verification mechanism.To solve these problems,it is necessary to break away from an dependent system in the process of institutional path design,to establish an independent supply system to promote the fairness of distribution,to optimize the system structure of the authorized teachers,and to innovate the mechanism of verification and perfecting the authorized teachers system,so as to bring forth new ideas on the authorized rural teachers system in China,and finally to realize the sufficient supply of rural teachers and revitalize rural area by education.