基于地理本性的滨海城市旅游系统适应性分析

地理本性是指一个区域区别于其他区域的、在地理空间上的本质特征。从Krugman的两大地理本性到中国学者提出的三大地理本性,区位要素更全面地体现了信息时代的区域特性。本文将流动空间的活跃要素融入地理本性分析框架中,构建全新的滨海城市旅游系统适应性评价指标体系,对2006、2011和2016年3个年份的14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性进行全面评价并提出分类提升建议。结果表明：①14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性均呈现增强趋势,但适应性指数增速趋缓。舟山、厦门、青岛适应性指数大幅增长,大连、三亚、秦皇岛、广州、上海、连云港增长较为明显,北海、天津、宁波、深圳、烟台增长缓慢。②各城市旅游系统适应性指数具有明显差异性。三大地理本性要素中,对多数滨海城市而言,第一本性对旅游系统适应性影响最大,第二本性影响程度降低,第三本性影响程度扩大,充分反映旅游资源禀赋是滨海城市旅游系统适应性的根本支撑,创新要素等软实力正在成为适应能力增长的新动能。③基于旅游系统适应性结构可将滨海城市分为3类。第一本性适应能力存在短板时,需重点关注旅游资源的可持续利用与保护,围绕资源特性提升旅游产品品质、丰富旅游线路;第二本性存在短板时则需完善旅游系统配套、优化营商环境,提升旅游服务水平;第三本性存在短板时则需更重视数字化、信息化等创新要素对旅游系统的助推,大力开发旅游新兴业态,增强旅游发展活力。未来应统筹推进区域资源有机整合,补齐适应性短板,为滨海旅游可持续发展赋能。

Tourism system adaptability analysis of coastal citiesbased on geographical natures

Geographical nature refers to the essential characteristics of a region. From Krugman's geographical nature to the three major geographical natures, the location factor reflects the regional characteristics of the information age more comprehensively. The study integrates the active elements into the framework of geographical nature analysis, and builds a new coastal city tourism system adaptability evaluation index system. This paper evaluates the tourism systems adaptability of 14 coastal cities in 2006, 2011 and 2016, and proposes classification improvement strategies. The research results show that: (1) The adaptability index of tourism system in 14 coastal cities has been improved, but the growth rate has slowed down. The adaptability index of Zhoushan, Xiamen and Qingdao increased significantly, Dalian, Sanya, Qinhuangdao, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Lianyungang increased rapidly, while Beihai, Tianjin, Ningbo, Shenzhen and Yantai grew slowly. (2) The adaptability index of tourism system in different cities has obvious difference. For the three major elements of geographical nature, the first nature has the greatest influence on most coastal cities. The third nature has a greater influence than the second nature on more than half of the cities. Fully reflecting the tourism resources is the fundamental support for the coastal city tourism system adaptability, and soft power such as innovation factors is becoming a new driving force for the growth of adaptability. (3) From the view of adaptability structure, it can be divided into three types according to the leading role of three natures. When the first nature adaptability is short, we should pay more attention to the sustainable utilization and protection of tourism resources, improve the quality of tourism products and enrich the tourism routes. When the second nature adaptability is short, we need to optimize the tourism business environment and enhance the level of tourism services. When the third nature adaptability is short, we should pay more attention to digital, information and other innovative elements, develop new tourism industry form, and enhance the vitality of tourism development. In the future, we should promote the organic integration of regional resources, make up the short board of adaptability, and enable the sustainable development of tourism in coastal cities.