基于现场实验的城镇居民节水行为引导策略

近年来,基于现场实验的信息干预手段被广泛用于环境保护领域。为了研究信息干预手段对城镇居民家庭用水量的影响,本文基于在山东省青岛市黄岛区开展的为期8个月的现场实验,结合实证模型分析和对比了“节水技巧”“节水技巧+节水教育”“节水技巧+同社区用水比较”和“节水技巧+同城用水比较”4种信息干预手段的节水效果。研究表明：①4种信息干预手段均对城镇居民住宅用水量的减少产生了显著的影响;②社会比较信息的节水效果受比较对象的地理距离的影响,即近距离比较对象（同社区用水比较）相比于远距离比较对象（同城用水比较）更有助于人们节约用水;③信息干预手段的节水效果在短期内对高耗水量人群更有效,但长期而言对低耗水量人群更有效。④信息提示的节水效果具有时间衰减效应。本文通过开展现场实验,验证了现场实验方法在家庭节水领域的有效性,研究结论将对信息干预手段在家庭节水领域的应用起到借鉴意义。

Strategies for guiding urban residents’ water-saving behavior based on field experiments

In recent years, information intervention based on field experiment has been widely used in the field of environmental protection. In order to study the impact of information interventions on urban household water consumption, an eight-month field experiment was carried out in Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province. Combined with the empirical model, the water-saving effects of four information intervention methods were analyzed and compared: water-saving skills; water-saving skills + water-saving education; water-saving skills + water use comparison within the community; and water-saving skills + water use comparison in the same city. The results show that: (1) The four types of information interventions all have a significant impact on the reduction of urban residential water consumption; (2) The water-saving effect of intra- and inter-community comparison information provision is affected by the geographical distance of those to compare with—a closer distance to the counterparts is more conducive to saving water than comparing with distant counterparts; (3) The water-saving effect of information intervention is more effective for people with high water consumption in the short term, but more effective for people with low water consumption in the long term. (4) The water-saving effect of information campaigns attenuate over time. Through the experiments, this study confirmed the validity of field experiment methods for household water saving in the context of China. The conclusions of this research provide a reference for the application of information intervention methods in the field of household water saving campaigns.