民法典时代体育赞助法律关系的法理阐释、规范进路与制度供给——以《体育法》第三次修订为背景

体育赞助法律关系同时涉及合同与侵权问题。基于关涉法域的多元性等因素,《体育法》并未专门规定“体育赞助合同”类型,故只能通过解释论寻求规范依归。考量体育赞助协议的典型合同目的等因素,可以发现“赠与合同说”等传统解释路径存在逻辑错误或规制不足问题。对此,根据体育赞助的营利性、对价性和“品牌传播”目的,将之认定为商业标识许可使用合同的特殊类型,并以《民法典》第993条及《体育法》第52条第2款作为规范框架,既符合合同层面的规范现实,又能够实现侵权层面的逻辑自洽;同时,应考虑以体育商业标识保护为重点,通过明确使用权流转规则、标识瑕疵担保义务法定化等措施,从合同及侵权两个层面共同为体育赞助提供有效的制度供给。

Legal Interpretation,Normative Approach and System Supply of Sports Sponsorship Legal Relationship under the Background of Amending the Sports Law of the P.R.C

Sports sponsorship legal relations involve both contract and tort issues. Due to the diversity of relevant jurisdictions and other factors, the revised draft of the Sports Law of P.R.C does not specifically stipulate the type of “sports sponsorship contract”, so the normative reference can only be sought through interpretation theory. With regard to the typical purpose of sports sponsorship agreements and other factors, it can be found that there are logical errors or insufficient regulation in traditional interpretation paths such as the “gift contract theory”. According to the purpose of profit, consideration and “brand communication” of sports sponsorship, it is identified as a special type of commercial logo licensing contract. Article 993 of the Civil Code and Paragraph 2 of Article 47 of the Sports Law of the P.R.C (Draft Amendment) can serves as a normative framework, which not only conforms to the normative reality at the contract level, but also realizes the logical self-consistency at the tort level. Meanwhile, considerations should be given to the protection of sports commercial logos, effective institutional supply for sports sponsorship from both the contract and tort levels through measures such as clarifying the transfer rules of the right to use and legalizing the obligation to guarantee defects.