Generality of the failure-to-escape (helplessness) phenomenon in rats |
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Authors: | Jon S Freda Stephen B Klein |
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Institution: | 1. Psychology Department, Old Dominion University, 23508, Norfolk, Virginia
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Abstract: | A series of four experiments investigated a number of parameters reported to produce “helplessness” in rats. Consistent differences in escape behavior were not found between inescapably shocked and restrained rats when a FR 1 shuttling response was used. Escape latencies also did not differ between groups when a reduced shock intensity was employed during escape training in FR 2 procedure or when an increased FR 3 response was employed during escape training. Findings are discussed in terms of the robustness of the failure-to-escape phenomenon from which “helplessness” in the rat is inferred. |
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