Nonshared environmental influences on individual differences in early behavioral development: a monozygotic twin differences study |
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Authors: | Asbury Kathryn Dunn Judith F Pike Alison Plomin Robert |
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Institution: | Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. spjgkaa@iop.kcl.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | The monozygotic (MZ) twin differences method was used to investigate nonshared environmental (NSE) influences independent of genetics. Four-year-old MZ twin pairs (N = 2,353) were assessed by their parents on 2 parenting measures (harsh parental discipline and negative parental feelings) and 4 behavioral measures (anxiety, prosocial behavior, hyperactivity, and conduct problems). Within-pair differences in parenting correlated significantly with MZ differences in behavior, with an average effect size of 3%. For the extreme 10% of the parenting-discordant and behavior-discordant distributions, the average NSE effect size was substantially greater (11%), suggesting a stronger NSE relationship for more discordant twins. NSE relationships were also stronger in higher risk environments, that is, families with lower socioeconomic status, greater family chaos, or greater maternal depression. |
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