农户宅基地流转意愿差异及其驱动力研究——基于农户可持续生计视角

通过对"武汉城市圈"农户宅基地流转意愿的抽样调查,采用农户生计资产量化分析法和Logistic分析方法,从家庭生计资产评价入手,探讨了不同类型农户的宅基地流转行为及其影响因素,为农村宅基地流转政策的制定提供依据。研究结果表明:①从农户生计资产的视角,对宅基地流转农户家庭资产进行量化分析,将农户划分为资产缺乏型农户和资产均衡性农户;②当前农户流转宅基地的意愿仅为24.66%,资产均衡型农户宅基地流转意愿比例高于资产缺乏型农户;③宅基地属性、农户对住房满意度、户主年龄及受教育水平对资产缺乏型农户流转意愿有显著性影响,而影响资产均衡型农户流转意愿因素依次为宅基地属性、非农收入比例、宅基地财产经营性收入、家庭生计资产值。基于农户家庭生计的可持续和福利改进,提出了相应对策:完善农村宅基地产权制度,允许宅基地有限度的流转,保障农户宅基地权益;建立城乡统筹的社会保障体系,实施差异化的流转保障、扶持政策;开展宅基地福利水平的评估,给予流转农户足额福利补偿,确保宅基地流转后,农户福利水平随着经济社会发展得到逐步提高。

Rural Residential Land Circulation, Driving Forces and Farmer Sustainable Livelihoods

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the circulation behavior of different types of farmer homesteads in order to formulate policy regarding rural residential land circulation. We found that from the perspective of farmer livelihood assets,rural households can be divided into asset deficient and asset balanced. The ratio of rural residential land circulation willingness is only 24.66%;the ratio of the circulation willingness of the asset-balanced farmer is higher than that of the asset-deficient. The willingness of asset-deficient farmers was affected by rural residential land property,farmer satisfaction on housing,age and educational level of the head of household. Factors affecting the willingness of asset-balanced farmers included rural residential land property, the proportion of non-agricultural income,rural residential land property operating income and household livelihoods asset value. Based on the sustainable livelihoods of farmers and welfare improvements,the rural residential land property system should been improved and a limited homestead transfer market established to protect the interests of farmers. Further,an urban and rural social security system should be established and differentiated security and supportive policies should be developed and implemented. Assessment of the welfare level of rural residential land should be carried out to give farmers full compensation benefits. After ensuring residential land circulation,the welfare of farmers will have been improved alongside economic and social development.