留学——近代新的社会流动途径

从1872年起,中国近代官派留学正式开始,共经历了三个时期:留学还没有成为正式社会流动的途径,只是使个别留学生向上流动;留学和科举成为两条并列的社会流动途径;通过研究中国近现代教育史,我们发现在近现代社会流动中、在废除科举后,留学正式取代科举成为近代社会向上流动的途径。在南京临时政府、北洋政府、国民政府的政权中均发挥了举足轻重的作用。

Studying Abroad: A New Way of Mobility for the Modern Society

The official dispatching of studying -abroad students began in the year 1872 and had undergone three periods: studying abroad was not yet the way of official social mobility; studying abroad became the way of upward mobility for very few students; and studying abroad and taking the Imperial Examination (Keju) became the two parallel ways of social mobility. After exploring into the modern Chinese education history, we found that after abolishing the Imperial Examination (Keju), studying abroad replaced taking the Imperial Examination (Keju) and thus became the way of upward social mobility; studying abroad had exerted very important impact in the Regimes of the Nanjing Temporal Government, the Northern Warlords Government and also the National Government.