Longitudinal genetic study of verbal and nonverbal IQ from early childhood to young adulthood |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1127, USA;2. Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;3. School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0389, USA;1. King''s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States;3. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd, NE Suite 1300, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States;1. University of Western Australia, Australia;2. The University of Edinburgh, Scotland;1. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland;2. Distance Learning University, Switzerland;3. Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | In a longitudinal genetic study we explored which factors underlie stability in verbal and nonverbal abilities, and the extent to which the association between these abilities becomes stronger as children grow older. Measures of verbal and nonverbal IQ were collected in Dutch twin pairs at age 5, 7, 10, 12 and 18 years. The stability of both verbal and nonverbal abilities was high, with correlations over time varying from .47 for the 13-year time interval up to .80 for shorter time intervals. Structural equation modeling showed increasing heritability with age, from 48% (verbal) and 64% (nonverbal) at age 5 to 84% and 74% at age 18. Genetic influences seemed to be the driving force behind stability. Stability in nonverbal ability was entirely explained by genes. Continuity in verbal abilities was explained by genetic and shared environmental effects. The overlap between verbal and nonverbal abilities was fully accounted for by genes influencing both abilities. The genetic correlation between verbal and nonverbal IQ increased from .62 in early childhood to .73 in young adulthood. |
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