楚、秦的"士"与社会发展

春秋战国时代，士阶层处于急剧壮大和急剧变化之中，并且对社会发展起着巨大作用。由考古资料和文献资料的分析比较可知，楚、秦两国都在春秋初年形成了较完备的阶级结构并出现了士阶层，但因两国的地理条件、人文生态和发展路线等诸多不同，两国士阶层的人员构成、人口数量、经济状况、文化素质也有别，对本国乃至当时中国社会发展的作用也大不一样。楚士人多才高、用于晋而事于秦，为楚国经济文化的繁荣、秦王朝的统一和统一而稳固、强盛而昌明的汉帝国的创建，作出了突出的贡献。

The Chu''s and the Qin''s Scholars and the Development of Society

In the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods,the stratum of scholar was increasing sharply and changing greatly. They played an important role in the development of society. Compared with analysis of the document materials and the archaeological materials, the Chu state and the Qin state both formed the complete class structure, including the stratum of scholar in the early years of the Spring and Autumn period. But because of the difference in geographic environment, humanity ecology and development route, the two states' scholars were different in constitute, amount, cultural quality and financial condition.Thus,their rloles were also different. The Chu state's scholars were higher than the Qin state's in quantity and quality. They were used in the Jin State and the Qin State. They devoted greatly to the glosary of the Chu's economy and culture, the integrate of the Qin Dynasty and the unity, prosperity, steadiness of the Han Dynasty.