海洋氨氧化古菌及其驱动的碳氮生物地球化学循环过程研究进展

氨氧化古菌（AOA）在海洋环境中分布广泛，是海洋水体中数量最为丰富的原核生物之一。AOA作为海洋中氨氧化作用的主导微生物，能在寡营养条件下通过化能自养的形式进行固碳，在海洋的碳、氮循环过程中发挥重要作用。AOA氨氧化过程驱动的化能自养固碳是深海内部重要能量来源，为研究深海内部有机碳输入与深海微生物群的有机碳需求之间的不平衡问题以及深海自养生物能量来源问题提供重要导向。本文对于海洋AOA的多样性分布、碳氮生物地球化学循环过程及其在海洋能量循环过程中的功能进行系统的综述，以期为本领域的研究提供借鉴。

Carbon-nitrogen biogeochemical cycle processes driven by ammonia-oxidizing archaea in marine environment

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), one kind of the most abundant prokaryotes in the seawater, is widely distributed in the marine environment. As the dominant microorganism of ammonia oxidation in the ocean, AOA fixes carbon with chemoautotroph under oligotrophic conditions and plays an important role in marine nitrogen and carbon cycles. This autotrophic carbon sequestration driven by AOA ammonia oxidation process is an important energy source in deep sea, which is significant for understanding the imbalance between organic carbon input and microbial energy demand in deep sea. At the same time, the energy from this autotrophic microorganism fuels the deep-sea ecological system. In this paper, we review the diversity distribution of AOA and the process and function of AOA in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in order to provide information for the researchers in this field.