中国生态修复的实践错位问题与应对措施

【目的】生态修复已经成为生态文明建设的主要组成部分和重要内容，但是随着生态修复工作的不断扩大和深入，中国生态修复实践的错位现象或问题时有发生，急需引起关注，提出有效解决方案，保障中国生态修复实践的可持续发展。【方法】据此，本文通过梳理生态修复研究基础理论，在明确生态修复内涵目标基础上，对生态修复实践错位现象的内涵进行界定，并提出生态修复中实践错位问题的识别依据，划分生态修复中实践错位问题的主要类型，揭示实践错位的原因，并提出纠正生态修复中实践错位问题的建议举措。【结果】研究发现：中国生态修复中存在的实践错位问题，主要类型包括违背生态修复基础理论、偏离生态修复目标内涵和不合理规划实施生态修复项目3种。生态修复中实践错位问题的主要成因包括生态修复理念认识存在偏差、客观规律把握不足、理论与实践相结合不足、落实操作层面不足等方面。【结论】未来，应该从树立正确的生态文明思想，遵循生态系统客观规律，把握好理论与实际相结合，规范实施生态修复工程4个方面应对生态修复中出现的实践错位现象，采取多元化的策略推进中国国土空间生态修复工作。

Misalignment of ecological restoration practices and countermeasures in China

[Objective] Ecological restoration has become the main component and important content of ecological civilization construction. However, with the continuous expansion and in-depth development of ecological restoration work, the issue of misalignment of ecological restoration practices has emerged. This urgently requires attention and effective solutions to ensure the sustainable development of ecological restoration practices in China. [Methods] Based on the theoretical research on ecological restoration and by clarifying its connotation and goals, this study defined the connotation of misalignment of ecological restoration practices. It also examined the basis for the identification of ecological restoration misalignment, summarized the main types of ecological restoration misalignment in China, analyzed the reasons for the misalignment of ecological restoration, and put forward suggestions for correcting the misalignment of ecological restoration. [Results] The results show that the main types of ecological restoration misalignment in China include violation of the basic theory of ecological restoration, deviation from the connotation of ecological restoration goals, and inappropriate planning and implementation of ecological restoration projects. The main reasons for the misalignment of ecological restoration are incorrect conceptual understanding, insufficient grasp of patterns and mechanisms, insufficient integration of theory and practice, and inappropriate implementation in practice. [Conclusion] In the future, the misalignment of ecological restoration should be dealt with from the following four aspects: establishing correct ecological civilization concepts, understanding the patterns and mechanisms of the ecosystem, integrating theory and practice, and improving the implementation of ecological restoration projects. Promoting the ecological restoration of the national territorial space also needs to adopt diversified strategies.