跆拳道运动员前横踢动作优势侧和非优势侧的生物力学偏侧性研究

目的：探索跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下肢优势侧和非优势侧的运动生物力学特征差异性。方法：采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和Deado电子护具计分系统，采集13名跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下有效得分时髋、膝、踝关节的运动学和动力学数据，使用Visual3D软件对采集数据进行逆向运动学和动力学计算，并对结果采用配对样本T检验的方法进行差异性分析。结果：(1)进攻腿：髋关节屈曲力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),膝关节屈曲最大角度优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展力矩峰值、外展最大角度非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(2)支撑腿：髋关节屈曲幅度、屈曲功率峰值、外展功率峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展角速度峰值、踝关节跖屈力矩峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展角速度峰值、膝关节屈曲力矩峰值、踝关节旋外角速度峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(3)进攻腿击打力度值及进攻腿和支撑腿垂直...

Biomechanics Research on Laterality Effect between Dominant and Non-dominant During Front Cross Kick in Taekwondo

The objective of this study was to explore the differences in motor biomechanical characteristics of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the lower limbs of the front horizontal kick technical maneuvers under scoring of outstanding taekwondo athletes. The kinematic and kinetic data of hip, knee and ankle joints of 13 excellent taekwondo athletes under the front cross kick movement with the dominant side leg and non-dominant side leg striking the electronic brace and scoring conditions were collected using Vicon 3D motion capture system, Kistler 3D dynamometer and DeaDo electronic brace scoring system, and the collected data were inverse The kinematics and kinetics were calculated using Visual3D software, and the results were correlated using a paired-samples t-test. The results showed that attack leg, peak hip flexion moment, maximum angular velocity of extension and peak knee extension moment were greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side (p＜0.05), maximum knee flexion angle was greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side (p＜0.01), and peak hip extension moment and maximum angle of abduction were greater on the nondominant side than on the dominant side (p＜0.01). Support leg, hip flexion amplitude, peak power and peak abduction power were greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side (p＜0.05), peak hip abduction moment and peak knee extension moment were greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side (p＜0.01), maximum angular velocity of hip extension and peak ankle plantar flexion moment were greater on the non-dominant side than on the dominant side (p＜0.05), maximum angular velocity of hip abduction and peak knee flexion moment and ankle rotation out (p＜0.01). 3) There was no statistically significant difference in the value of the attacking leg strike force and the peak vertical ground reaction force of the attacking leg and the supporting leg between the two sides (p＞0.05), and the speed of the attacking leg strike was greater on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side (p＜0.01). It could be concluded that the differences in the selected evaluation indexes p＜0.05 accounted for 13.5% and p＜0.01 accounted for 19.2%. The knee joint of the dominant side of the attacking leg has better athletic performance, while the non-dominant side requires the supporting leg to compensate for the deficiency of the attacking leg. Therefore, compensatory exercises could be used in training to minimize bilateral lower limb asymmetry and to strengthen the coordination of the non-dominant leg’s attack and alternating strikes between the left and right legs. There was no significant variability in striking force values for front cross kicks under electronic guard scoring. Therefore, athletes could purposefully control the force of strikes, reduce the physical exertion of single strikes and ensure the most efficient physical condition during the competition.