科技社团参与科技评价的角色与路径——基于三重逻辑的理论分析

探索科技社团参与科技评价的理论机理及实现路径是深化科技体制改革和完善科技评价机制的重要内容。本文在厘定科技社团概念与功能的基础上,从组织逻辑、制度逻辑和行动逻辑论述了科技社团参与科技评价的独特优势,并归纳了科技社团参与科技评价的四种角色,即评价组织者、标准制定者、失信约束者及奖励举荐者。然后,系统阐释了四种角色的内涵、特征及实现基础,建构了科技社团参与科技评价的实践路径。最后提出科技社团更好地参与科技评价的改革举措。

The Role and Path of S&T Societies Participating in Science and Technology Evaluation

As a necessary component of the national innovation system, S&T Societies are an important breakthrough in the construction of a pluralistic scientific and technological evaluation system. Based on the theory of national innovation system and network organization governance, this paper discusses the specific ways for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation from the perspective of organizational mission and institutional arrangements. The results show that: (1) The participation of S&T Societies in science and technology evaluation is determined by the organizational mission of S&T Societies and the institutional arrangements at the national level, which is naturally legitimate and desirable. (2) In theory, there are five mechanisms for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation, namely reputation mechanism, trust mechanism, advocacy mechanism, learning mechanism and incentive mechanism. (3) There are four roles and corresponding paths for S&T Societies to participate in scientific and technological evaluation. They are the multi-subject linkage path and multi-category participation path as the evaluation organizer, the promotion path and multi-level intervention path as the standard maker, the discussion and research path and restriction and regulation path as the dishonesty restraint, and the systematic reward path and systematic recommendation path as a reward recommender. The findings of this study suggest that S&T Societies should play a greater role in the evaluation of science and technology, and provide direction and content reference for deepening the reform of science and technology system and improving the evaluation system of scientific and technological.