Detection of inherited metabolic diseases in children with mental handicap |
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Authors: | Chetna Bhatt Zarangis Misra Neelam Goyel |
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Institution: | (1) Genetic Laboratory, Smt. M.T. Research Institute The Research Society, Sewri Hill, Mumbai, 400033, India |
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Abstract: | Mental Retardation is a condition where complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors hamper mental and sometimes
physical growth of the child during developmental period. This study was carried out to detect cause of Mental Retardation
in 2000 cases of developmental delay by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a Pediatrician, Cytogeneticist, Biochemist,
Psychologist and Speech and Occupational therapists. The causes for developmental delay are broadly divided into Genetic,
Environmental and Idiopathic (no specific cause found) factors. The complete diagnosis was possible in 1192(60%) cases. Genetic
factors were found in 477(23.8%) cases and environmental factors covered 692(34.6%) cases as a cause of retardation. The most
common genetic cause is chromosomal abnormalities which were found in 355 (17.75%) cases. Another major group comprising of
122 (6.1%) cases was that of the disorders which follow Mendelian inheritance. Autosomal recessive conditions, which covers
majority of metabolic disorders, are detected in 48(2.4%) cases. During this screening the most common inherited metabolic
condition detected is Mucopolysaccharidosis, a Lysosomal Storage Disorder followed by Amino acid abnormalities like Phenylketonuria,
Alkaptonuria and Tyrosinuria. |
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Keywords: | Mental Retardation Inborn Errors of Metabolism Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Genetic Counselling |
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