古典进化论与新进化论刍议

西方人类学的理论发展过程中,古典进化论和新进化论是两大主要学派。古典进化论探索了人类社会与文化的起源和发展过程、原因及一般规律,解释了世界各民族社会文化发展水平差异的原因。新进化论继承和发展了古典进化论,总体来说是唯物主义的,但又是片面的。这两个学派的主要代表人物及其学术思想虽然各不相同,但经过对比分析,发现里面仍有值得学习和思考的地方。

On the Classical Evolutionism and the New Evolutionism

In the theoretical development of the Western anthropology,the classical theory of evolution and the new one are the two main schools.The Classical Evolutionism explores the origin of human society and culture and the process and causes of their development as well as the general laws.Meanwhile,it explains the reasons for different development levels of the society and culture of all nations in the world.The New Evolutionism which inherits and develops the classical one is materialistic in general,but also one-sided.Much as the main representatives and the academic thoughts as well as their advantages and disadvantages of the two schools are different from each other,we can learn a lot through a comparative analysis.