Internationalization of corporate R&D: a study of Japanese and Swedish corporations |
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| Institution: | 1. Goodman School of Business, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;2. Ivey Business School, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada;3. Associate Professor of Strategy, Naveen Jindal School of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, United States;1. Innovation Studies, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Université Paris-Est–ESIEE–LISIS–IFRIS 2, bd. Blaise Pascal, 93160 Noisy Le Grand, France;3. School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. Institute of Business and Economics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Erich-Weinert-Straße 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany;2. Institute for Development Strategies, Indiana University Bloomington, 1315 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;3. School of Business and Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Universitätsstraße 25, 35037 Marburg, Germany;4. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Hohenzollernstrasse 1–3, 45128 Essen, Germany;5. Department of Innovation Management and Strategy, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747 AE Groningen, The Netherlands;6. Chair of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development & UNESCO-Chair of Entrepreneurship and Intercultural Management, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;7. Jackstädt Center of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Based on a questionnaire survey of large corporations in Japan and Sweden, representing chemical, electronic and mechanical engineering sectors, this paper probes three research issues: (1) the level, pace and possible nation-specific mode of internationalization of R&D, (2) the relative roles of demand and supply side factors, and (3) the possible internationalization of industry–university collaborations. The results show a general growth of international R&D across sectors and countries and a particular Japanese mode of internationalization of R&D with a high pace although starting from lower levels, a strong supply-led component, and a strong emphasis on collaborations with US universities. The concept of psychic distance was found to be of limited relevance as an explanatory concept. The paper argues that due to, e.g., technology diversification and emerging technology market conditions, internationalization of R&D will in general become increasingly supply-led, and as industry–university collaborations internationalize, competitive US universities will become increasingly important and internationalize themselves, some conceivably becoming genuine multinational universities. |
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