我国新形势下加快农村剩余劳动力转移的问题与对策

解决农村剩余劳动力的问题是全面建设小康社会,缩小城乡差距,提高农民收入及生活水平的关键。其动力主要源于:农村土地的承载容量不足、农业报酬率过低等内部推动作用和城乡之间利益差距及城市化发展对农村的外部拉动作用。而我国目前存在的城乡户籍壁垒、城市化进程滞后、社会保障体系不完善、农村劳动力的文化素质不高等一系列问题,严重地阻碍了农村剩余劳动力的自由流动。面对这些问题,我们必须实施户籍制度改革,建立健全的社会保障体系,大力发展第三产业及农村非农产业,全面提高农村剩余劳动力素质,才能保障农村剩余劳动力的自由流动。

Expediting the Transfer of Surplus Labor from Traditional Agricultural Sector under New Circumstances: Problems and Countermeasures

To solve the problem of rural surplus labor is the key to building a moderately prosperous society, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and improving rural residents＇ income and living standards. The propelling force behind such transfer of surplus labor is two - fold, namely, the internal ＂push＂ such as the insufficiency in load bearing capacity of rural land resources and the exorbitantly low rate of return on agricultural investments, as well as the external ＂pull＂ such as the income disparity between rural and urban areas and the robust advancement of China＇s urbanization cause. However, a series of problems, covert or overt, have seriously hindered the process of transferring surplus labor from traditional agricultural sector, which include China＇ s existing urban and rural household registration barriers, the retardation of China＇ s urbanization process, the imperfect social security system, tbe low cultural quality on the part of rural laborers, etc. Faced with these problems, in order to ensure a smooth and free flow of rural surplus labor, efforts must be made to implement the reform of China＇ s current household registration system, establish a sound social security system, vigorously develop the tertiary industry and other rural non - agricultural i.ndustries, and above all, comprehensively improve the overall quality of rural surplus labor force.