数字经济的反垄断:近期美国反垄断领域争论的启示

近年来数字经济的发展给反垄断和竞争政策带来了巨大的挑战和争论,其中以发生在美国的围绕数字经济反垄断问题展开的"大争论"最引人注目。此次"大争论"以新布兰迪斯派对数字产业巨头和现行反垄断体系的批判为出发点,围绕着新经济的反垄断进行了全方位、系统性的再思考。本文从经济、法律、政治三个侧面梳理了此次美国反垄断"大争论",并对新布兰迪斯派的思想做了回溯和剖析。本文认为,新布兰迪斯派不具备成为数字经济反垄断主流学派的条件,争论背后的自由主义与干预主义之争仍将持续。但是此次"大争论"以及新布兰迪斯派背后的经济学思想,给我国反垄断事业的发展和整个反垄断事业的进步,都带来了宝贵的思考和启示。

Antitrust of Digital Economy: Enlightenment from Recent Arguments on Antitrust in U.S.

The development of the digital economy in recent years has brought enormous challenges and controversy to anti-monopoly and competition policies. Among them, the "big debate" surrounding the antitrust of digital economy in the United States is the most striking. The "big debate" was initiated by the criticism from the New Brandeisianson on tech giants and the current anti-monopoly system. It spurred comprehensive and systematic discussion and rethinking about the anti-monopoly of the new economy. This article reviews the "big debate" from three aspects: economy, law and politics. We also analyze and do retrospective study on the ideas of the New Brandeisian. This paper argues that the New Brandeisian does not possess the conditions to become the mainstream anti-monopoly school in the digital economy, and the debate on liberalism and interventionism behind this debate will continue. However, this "big debate" along with the economic thinking behind the New Brandeisian School has brought valuable thoughts and inspirations to the development of China’s anti-monopoly and the progress of the entire anti-monopoly entrepreneurship.