作为“艺术”的生态——论麦克卢汉生态思想精义

20世纪70年代,麦克卢汉围绕生态问题发表了一系列论述。总观麦克卢汉对生态问题的论述,其特出之点在于对生态之艺术特质的强调,这也是麦克卢汉生态思想的精义所在。麦克卢汉认为,生态在现代的涌现是技术发展产生的后果,因此,生态并不是自然。质言之,生态是技术时代的自然观,它在特征上有点类似于前技术时代的自然观,但不同于前技术时代的自然观;其不同在于它具有某种突出的"艺术"特质。就艺术而言,在麦克卢汉眼中,它不仅仅是一种文化产品,更主要的是它作为一种新感知、作为一种成分,参与人们的存在,为人提供新视野,使之适应新环境,与新环境建立关系。可以说,麦克卢汉的论述,在某种意义上,为生态美学的出现提供了理论依据。

Ecology as Art: On the Essence of Mcluhan's Ecological Ideas

In 1970s,McLuhan published a series of discussions focusing on the ecological problems.The outstanding point of his discussions on ecological issues is that they emphasize the characteristics of "Ecology as art",and this is the essence of McLuhan’s ecological ideas.In Mcluhan’s opinion,ecology is not nature because the emergence of ecology on the consequence of technological development.In other words,ecology is the natural concept of the technological age,in the characteristics,it is some similar but not the same to the natural concept of the pre-technological age;the difference is that it has some outstanding "artistic" qualities.In Mcluhan’s eyes,it is not just a cultural product,but more importantly,it is a new perception and a new component involves in the presence of people,provides people with new vision,makes people adapt to new environment and build relationships with the environment.It can be said that,in some sense,McLuhan’s view provides theoretical basis for the emergence of ecological aesthetics.