略论英尼斯与麦克卢汉学术思想的差异

哈罗德·英尼斯和马歇尔·麦克卢汉共同奠基了多伦多学派,但两人在学术方向、基本立场等方面存在明显的差异。英尼斯重视传播媒介对社会组织和文化的影响,麦克卢汉重视传播媒介对感知和心理的影响;英尼斯对媒介的技术发展持悲观主义态度,而麦克卢汉则充溢着乌托邦精神;在对待技术理性、大众传媒、美国等问题上,英尼斯持严厉的批判态度,而麦克卢汉则持肯定和认同的态度。这些明显的差异使得研究者甚至质疑"多伦多学派"这个概念的合理性。

On Difference of Academic Thoughts between Innis and McLuhan

Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan together lay a foundation of school of Toronto,but have obvious differences in terms of academic orientation and fundamental standpoints.Innis emphasizes communication media’s impact on social organizations and culture,while McLuhan values the impact on perception and psychology;Innis holds a pessimistic attitude towards the technological development of media,while McLuhan is conquered by the Utopian spirit;When concerning about the issues of technical rationality,mass media,and America and so on,Innis is highly critical of them,but McLuhan agree and approve them.These obvious differences make researchers suspect the rationality of the term "Toronto School".