昧死以进谏——论刘向编撰《说苑》的心态及其成因

中国古代知识分子一贯具有对政治中心的永恒向往和拯济天下的志向,这一特点在文学尚未独立的先秦两汉时代表现得尤为明显,可以说这一时代的士人几乎所有的著述都围绕着“政治”这一主题。刘向编撰《说苑》,是把其当作“谏书”使用的,始终抱着一种“昧死以进谏”的心态。深刻的社会背景,具有知识分子深沉的忧患意识和社会良知,以及深受屈原精神的影响等,当是刘向产生如此心态的主要原因。

On Presenting Admonishment to Emperors at the Risk of Death--The Mentality of Liu Xiang's Compiling Garden of Saying and the Causes

Chinese intellectuals have always been longing for staying in the political center and have the ambition of saving the world.This characteristic was most striking during Qin and Han dynasties when literature was not independent.It could be said that almost all the works by the scholars at that time were centered on the subject of politics.Liu Xiang used his work Shuo Yuan(Garden of Saying) as a remonstrance.From the very beginning he had the mentality of presenting admonishment at the risk of death.It was mainly such factors as social background scholars'social conscience and the influence of Qu Yuan's spirit that caused Liu Xiang to have such a mentality.