乾嘉时期恭请王命旗牌先行正法之制的宽严张弛

乾嘉时期所谓恭请王命先行正法又称之为＂恭请王命正法即行正法＂,其间＂即行＂与＂先行＂是一事二说,分别相对于不同的时间参照物。这种制度中的＂王命＂既是受＂天命＂所委托,又是受＂天命＂所限制,其实施终究需要法天而行。就地正法的源头固然可以追溯至恭请王命正法先行正法,但确切言之,应该说是乾隆中期以后由于帝国版图的扩大以及当时随之出现的诸多社会问题。

AN EXPLORATION OF THE BOARD OF REQUEST FOR EMPEROR'S PERMISSION AND EXECUTION IN ADVANCE DURING THE RULE OF EMPEROR QIANLONG AND EMPEROR JIAQING

During Qianlong and Jiaqin emperor reign period, the so-called ＂Gongqing wangming xianxing zhengfa＂（request imperial order respectfully for executing the criminals in advance） is also known as ＂Gongqing wangming xianxing zhengfa＂ （request imperial order respectfully for executing the criminals at once）, they are different name of one system, respectively compared with the different time reference. Imperial order in such a system is the commission of ＂Tianming＂ （the mandate of Heaven）, also is subject to the constraints of ＂Tianming＂. The implementation after all needs to follow the example of Heaven. The source of Jiudizhengfa（executing the criminals on the spot） can be traced back to ＂Gongqing wangming xianxing zhengfa＂, but exactly speaking, it due to the expansion of empire since the mid-Qianlong as well as a number of the resulting social problems.