美国高等农业教育发展道路与模式探索

美国高等农业教育的形成和发展与美国政府在不同时期实施的<西北部法令>、<莫里尔法案>、<哈奇法案>、<第二个莫里尔法案>、<史密斯-利弗法>等密切相关;美国高等农业教育的最初施教模式有五种:新建农工类大学、新建综合性大学农科类学院、综合性大学中新增的农科学院、综合性大学中增设的农科课程和已有的农科类院校强化高等农业教育等;经过一百多年的发展,早期的农工院校大多都改名和综合发展成为综合性大学,综合性大学中的农科类院系已成为美国高等农业教育的施教主体.

Study on the Development and Models of Higher Agro- Education in USA

There is a close relationship between the formation and development of American higher a-gro-education and governmental implementation of a series of acts, including Northwest Ordinance, Morrill Act, Hatch Act, The Second Morrill Act and Smith Lever Act etc. Originally, there were five education models for higher agro-education in America: 1) newly established A&M universities; 2) newly established agro-colleges in comprehensive universities; 3) creation of agro-colleges in the existing ed comprehensive univer-sities; 4) setting up agro-courses in existing comprehensive universities; and 5) strengthening higher agro-education in existing agro-colleges or universities. Through more than a century's development, most of the original A&M colleges or universities have turned into comprehensive universities and the agro-colleges or departments in these comprehensive universities are playing the main part in the current American higher agro-education.