MIPS方法及金属生产的物质投入研究

生产物品和提供服务都需要物质投入，所有的投入物质或迟或早都会变成排出物质（废弃物或排放物）返回到环境之中。因此，通过测量物品（服务）的物质投入量就能估计其潜在的环境冲击。同时，测量生产过程中各个阶段的物质投入能够帮助生产者认清资源消耗的分布状况，锁定重点部位，为改进生产方式和工艺流程，提高资源利用率提供决策支持。由于大多数工业产品的主要物质组成是金属和非金属矿物，因此，研究金属生产的物质投入具有重要意义。本文以中国铁矿石、粗铜和原铝的生产为研究对象，对其物质投入进行了计算分析。结果表明，2000年平均1t铁成品矿、粗铜和原铝的非生物性物质投入分别为3.19t、475.36t和103.97t，水的投入分别为4.82t、204.94t和1 218.77t。全国铁矿石和粗铜的物质投入在整体上有较明显的下降趋势，但原铝的这一指标则无规律可循。这3种产品在其生命周期的不同阶段，其物质投入有很大差别。

Analyzing the Material Input of Metal Production through MIPS Method

The technological advancement and economic development in the past 200 years since the industrial revolution have created great amount of wealth for human beings.In the meantime human beings have also extracted natural resources without limit and resulted in many problems such as energy crisis,resources shortage,environmental pollution and degeneration of the ecological system,which are closely related to the living of human beings.As resources become more and more scarce,Individuals,enterprises and states should consider how to improve resources efficiency and reduce resources consumption.For reduction of the environmental impacts from production and consumption,material input for product manufacturing and services providing are needed to be calculated and the potential environmental impact can be estimated.Meanwhile,measuring material input of production processes can help producers see clearly the distribution of resources consumed and identify the key processes.This information provides useful support to decision-making aiming at increasing resources efficiency through changes in the mode and processes of production.Most industrial products contain metal and nonmetal minerals.Therefore,investigating material inputs of metals is of great significance.In this study,material inputs of iron ore,crude copper and crude aluminum in China were calculated and analyzed.The results show that,on the average,a ton of finished iron ore,crude copper and crude aluminum in 2000 have an abiotic material input of 3.19ton,475.36ton and 103.97ton and a water consumption of 4.82ton,204.94ton and 1218.77ton,respectively.The overall material input of iron ore and crude copper displayed a decreasing trend,while that of crude aluminum presented irregular trend over the study period.The material inputs of the above three products are prodigiously different during their different life cycles.The application of MIPS in the metal industry has great significance in improving the use efficiency of resource.The material inputs and their analyses as presented in this paper provide a quantitative indicator and method for estimating the environmental impact of metal production.The results from this kind of study can also help people realize the negative impact imposed from per unit of product consumption and thus enhance the environmental consciousness of the entire society.